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Keep liquids in. Keep leakage out. Protect the structure.

A practical solution and product-selection guide for industrial and infrastructure concrete structures.

1. Start with the structure

Industrial structures are often required to contain water, effluent, process liquids or chemicals while remaining leak-tight and serviceable. The solution depends not only on where leakage is seen, but on the structure, the leakage path, the substrate condition and the service environment.

Structure / application	Typical concern
Water tanks & reservoirs	Leakage, cracks, honeycombing, construction-joint leakage, concrete deterioration and internal voids
ETP / STP / WTP / DM / RO plants	Tank and drain leakage, wet repair, concrete deterioration and chemical/process exposure
Cooling towers	Deteriorated or corroded concrete, cracks, leakage, wet areas and concrete reinstatement
Industrial process & chemical structures	Containment, leakage, aggressive-liquid exposure and concrete protection
Sumps, pits, drains & channels	Continuous wet service, leakage, damaged edges, cracks and concrete loss
Industrial containment / bunds	Liquid containment, concrete deterioration and chemical exposure
Underground & utility structures	Tanks, chambers, pump pits, trenches and moisture-affected concrete
Marine & coastal structures	Wet/moist concrete, cracks, deterioration and repair/protection requirements
Bridges & infrastructure	Cracks, concrete deterioration, leakage paths and rehabilitation

2. Then identify the containment problem

If you have…	Start by considering…
Water / process liquid leakage	Find the leakage path before choosing the surface treatment: crack, joint, void, porous concrete, interface or failed coating.
Leakage through a crack	Surface sealing plus injection where the leakage path extends into the concrete.
Construction-joint leakage	Treat the leakage path and interface; Inject-UPS where wet injection is required and the product/application conditions are appropriate.
Honeycombing / internal voids	Small accessible voids may be repaired at the surface; deep/inaccessible voids may require injection followed by reinstatement.
Concrete loss / deterioration	Repair the damaged concrete first, then protect the repaired structure where required.
Wet / damp substrate	Use a system intended for the actual moisture condition; UPS systems are important where moisture cannot be eliminated.
Chemical / aggressive-liquid exposure	Identify the actual liquid, concentration, temperature and exposure before selecting protection.
Movement / expansion joint	Repair damaged edges but preserve the movement function; do not fill a movement joint with rigid epoxy.
Structural damage / rehabilitation	Repair the substrate first and follow the designed structural repair or strengthening route.

MR. JO approach Leakage and protection are not automatically the same problem. First identify and address the leakage path or damaged concrete. Then select the protection system for the service environment.

3. Find the leakage path

A visible wet spot or leaking face is not necessarily the point where water or process liquid is entering or escaping. The path may run through a crack, construction joint, honeycombing, porous concrete or an interface.

Observed condition	Likely repair route	MR. JO starting point
Surface-visible, accessible defect	Seal / fill / profile	MR. JO Tecseal-CRP or Tecseal-GRP as appropriate
Fine structural crack extending into concrete	Injection	MR. JO Inject-VL
Fine / deeper crack	Low-viscosity injection	MR. JO Inject-LV
Larger crack / internal void / deep honeycombing	Higher-viscosity injection	MR. JO Inject-MV
Wet / damp injection condition	Moisture-compatible injection	MR. JO Inject-UPS
Concrete loss around leakage path	Reinstate concrete	MR. JO Tecrete EWT / FWT / UPS as applicable
Old concrete → new concrete	Interface bonding	MR. JO Bondkot selected for condition and geometry
Surface protection after repair	Protective coating	MR. JO Protectokot family selected for service environment

4. Dry, damp, wet or actively leaking?

Moisture condition is a material-selection factor. A system intended for a dry, prepared substrate should not automatically be used on wet or moisture-affected concrete.

Site condition	What it means for the repair
Dry, sound substrate	Normal preparation and the specified dry-substrate system may be used.
Damp / moisture-affected	Select a system whose intended application includes the actual moisture condition; UPS options may be relevant.
Wet / waterlogged concrete	Use a moisture-compatible system where the product is intended for this condition.
Active leakage	Control the source/path sufficiently before treating the area as an ordinary surface repair or coating.
Water under uncontrolled pressure	Do not simply cover the flowing water with epoxy. Control the water condition first, then execute the selected repair.

Important distinction Damp concrete and active water are different conditions. Moisture-tolerant epoxy can help where the product is designed for it; it does not mean uncontrolled water pressure can simply be coated over.

5. Leakage through cracks and joints

Cracks

If a leaking crack continues into the concrete, filling only the visible opening may leave the internal leakage path untreated. Where injection is required, the crack surface is sealed, injection ports are installed, communication is established and the selected Inject grade is introduced progressively.

Condition	MR. JO route
Fine structural crack	MR. JO Inject-VL — very-low-viscosity route where deep penetration is required
Fine / deeper crack	MR. JO Inject-LV — low-viscosity injection
Larger crack / internal void	MR. JO Inject-MV — medium-viscosity injection
Wet / damp injection	MR. JO Inject-UPS
Crack sealing / injection-port fixing	MR. JO Tecseal-CRP / Tecseal-GRP as appropriate

Construction joints

A construction joint is an intentional interface, not simply a crack. If it is leaking, the repair should address the leakage path and the condition of the interface. Where wet injection is required, MR. JO Inject-UPS is a key option subject to the site and product conditions.

Movement / expansion joints

Movement joints are intended to accommodate movement. Repair damaged concrete edges if required, but preserve the movement function. Do not fill a movement joint solid with rigid epoxy. The final joint treatment should be suitable for the movement expected.

6. Honeycombing, voids and concrete loss

Situation	MR. JO route
Small honeycombing / narrow crevices	Tecseal-CRP / Tecseal-GRP can be used where suitable
Larger concrete loss	Tecrete EWT / FWT; select Flowable, Tampable or Non-Sag according to geometry
Wet / moist concrete reinstatement	Tecrete UPS where the product/application conditions are appropriate
Deep / inaccessible honeycombing	Consider injection to reach internal voids, then reinstate the exposed/lost concrete
Substantial concrete loss	Conventional concrete may be more appropriate; Bondkot-HV can provide the old-to-new concrete bonding interface where specified

If the visible face is closed while a significant void remains behind it, the defect may have been hidden rather than properly repaired.

7. Old concrete to new concrete

Bondkot is an interface-bonding family. Selection depends on moisture, surface condition, penetration requirement, gaps and application geometry.

Site condition / requirement	MR. JO Bondkot
Wet / damp / moisture-affected concrete	Bondkot-UPS
Uneven surface, small gaps, vertical or overhead application	Bondkot-HV
General old-to-new bonding on a prepared surface	Bondkot-MVC
Porous / absorbent concrete where penetration is important	Bondkot-LVC

8. Repair first. Protect second.

Where an industrial structure is exposed to water, effluent, chemicals, abrasion or other aggressive service conditions, surface protection is a separate decision from concrete repair. First restore sound concrete and interfaces. Then select the protective system.

MR. JO. system	Practical positioning
MR. JO Protectokot-BLK	Coal-tar epoxy system for industrial waterproofing, corrosion/chemical protection and applications including ETPs and industrial structures
MR. JO Protectokot-CR	Slower-curing polyamine-based clear resin / brown hardener system
MR. JO Protectokot-CRH	Clear novolac-based protective system
MR. JO Protectokot-HB	Grey, high-build novolac system; 100:20 ready-to-use pack
MR. JO Protectokot-HBCR	High-build coloured chemical-resistant coating, normally supplied in green

Chemical selection is service-specific Do not select a protective coating from the chemical name alone. Check the actual liquid, concentration, temperature and exposure (immersion, splash/spillage, abrasion etc.) against the applicable MR. JO technical documentation.

9. Structure-specific problems — where do I start?

If your problem is…	Start here
ETP tank leakage	Identify whether leakage is through cracks, construction joints, honeycombing or porous concrete; repair/inject first, then select protection for the actual effluent environment.
STP / WTP / DM / RO tank leakage	Use the same leakage-path approach; moisture condition and service liquid determine the repair/protection route.
Cooling tower leakage / deterioration	Assess cracks, concrete loss, corrosion, wet conditions and leakage paths; use repair/injection and then protection where required.
Industrial drain / channel leakage	Assess continuous wet exposure, cracks, damaged edges and concrete loss; select moisture-compatible repair where required and protection for service exposure.
Chemical tank / containment area deterioration	Repair damaged concrete and then select Protectokot according to the actual chemical and exposure conditions.
Water reservoir / tank leakage	Trace the leakage path; use crack/joint repair or injection as required, then protect the repaired concrete where specified.
Marine / coastal concrete repair	Account for wet/moist conditions, concrete deterioration and the required service environment; select moisture-compatible repair/protection systems as appropriate.
Underground chamber / pit leakage	Determine whether the issue is crack, joint, porous concrete or construction defect; control active water and then select the repair route.

10. Structural rehabilitation — when leakage is not the whole problem

Some industrial and infrastructure structures have both a containment problem and a structural rehabilitation requirement. Repair damaged concrete and internal defects first where required. If structural capacity also needs to be restored or enhanced, follow the designed strengthening route.

Requirement	MR. JO role
Concrete reinstatement	Tecrete EWT / FWT / UPS as applicable
Crack / void repair	Inject-VL / LV / MV / UPS as applicable
Substrate preparation	Primer-UPS where specified
Fabric-based strengthening	Matrix-SF as the epoxy saturant / impregnating resin
Prefabricated laminate bonding	Tecseal-NSA as the specified non-sag structural adhesive

Fibre type, orientation, number of layers, laminate/fabric configuration and strengthening extent are determined by the project repair or structural engineer, not by the epoxy supplier.

11. Quick MR. JO leakage → product selector

Customer problem	MR. JO starting point
Fine structural leakage crack	Inject-VL
Fine / deeper crack	Inject-LV
Larger crack / internal void	Inject-MV
Wet / damp injection	Inject-UPS
Crack sealing / injection ports	Tecseal-CRP / Tecseal-GRP
Small honeycombing / crevice	Tecseal-CRP / Tecseal-GRP
Larger concrete reinstatement	Tecrete EWT / FWT
Wet/moist concrete reinstatement	Tecrete UPS
Old/new concrete — uneven / gap / vertical	Bondkot-HV
Old/new concrete — general prepared surface	Bondkot-MVC
Old/new concrete — porous / absorbent	Bondkot-LVC
Old/new concrete — wet / damp	Bondkot-UPS
Industrial water / chemical protection	Protectokot family — select by service environment
Structural strengthening	Primer-UPS / Matrix-SF / Tecseal-NSA, as designed

12. When the answer is not obvious — involve MR. JO

Some containment and leakage problems should not be reduced to a product name without understanding the structure and service conditions.

The leakage is under uncontrolled water or process-liquid pressure.

The chemical, concentration or temperature is unknown.

The structure is moving or a movement joint may be involved.

Reinforcement damage or concrete deterioration is extensive.

The leakage path is internal or inaccessible.

The repair also involves structural rehabilitation or strengthening.

A previous repair or coating has failed and the reason is unclear.

Send us the basics Structure / application • photographs • leakage location and pattern • crack/defect dimensions • dry/damp/wet condition • liquid/chemical and concentration where relevant • repair depth/size • existing coating/repair details • whether structural repair or strengthening is involved.

13. MR. JO as your epoxy technology partner

MR. JO can help with	What that means
Select	Help narrow down the appropriate epoxy repair, injection, bonding or protection system.
Supply	Provide the selected system for project requirements with responsive, project-oriented supply.
Develop / customise	Work toward a customised solution where an existing product is not the right fit.
Application support	Nearby site support where practical; video-based technical/application support for projects farther away.

You bring the structure and the containment or repair requirement. MR. JO helps identify the epoxy system, provides the material and supports the application.

14. Related MR. JO solution guides

MR. JO Crack & Joint Repair — crack and joint repair selection

MR. JO Concrete Repair — concrete defect and reinstatement solutions

MR. JO Concrete Injection — injection methodology and resin selection

MR. JO Structural Strengthening — epoxy systems for designed strengthening applications

MR. JO Concrete Surface Protection — protective epoxy systems for industrial exposure

MR. JO Building Waterproofing — building and wet-area waterproofing solutions

MR. JO — Keep liquids in. Keep leakage out. Protect the structure.

For product-specific application limits, mix ratios, curing, surface preparation and technical properties, refer to the applicable MR. JO product page and Technical Data Sheet.